Even though I have never done karate
myself, in the past I have seen many karate videos of people breaking concrete
bricks and wooden boards with their bare hands. Looking at a basic principle of
physics helps to understand how people can pull off these impressive moves.
Since F=ma and Momentum = mass x velocity, force
and mass are positively related. When trying to break a board, force needs to
be transferred as fast as possible and the person also has to use as much of
his or her body mass in the motion as possible.
In addition, the extension of a person’s
arm is crucial to breaking the board. Since momentum and velocity are also
positively related, the extension point at which the person’s hand hits the
board must maximize velocity. Therefore, his or her arm must not be fully
extended. Rather, it should be at a point of extension in which the hand has a
positive or zero acceleration.
Finally, the person must attempt to exert
as much force per square inch on the board as possible in order to break it.
That is why hitting the board with the side of the hand is much more effective
than hitting it with the palm.
By using the side of the hand, learning to
efficiently channel body mass, and finding the optimal point of arm extension, one
can plausibly break a board with lots of practice.
Source:
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